Functional analysis and optimization application of boiler grate

As the core component of the boiler combustion system, the performance of the grate directly affects the thermal efficiency, fuel utilization and operation stability of the boiler. This article will comprehensively analyze the key role of the grate in the boiler system from the dimensions of structural characteristics, working principles, functional realization and maintenance strategies.

1. Structural characteristics and type classification

The grate is a grid-like structure made of high-temperature resistant alloy materials (common cast iron, stainless steel, etc.), which is composed of a frame unit and a movable grate sheet. According to the movement characteristics, it can be divided into:

Fixed grate: a static device with a simple structure, suitable for small boilers

Mobile grate: including chain belt type and chain type, to realize automatic fuel transportation

Reciprocating grate: to realize the turning of fuel layer through periodic pushing

Vibrating grate: to promote fuel loosening by high-frequency vibration

Down-feeding grate: an automated system for continuous feeding

II. Core function implementation mechanism

Combustion support system

Build a stable fuel bearing platform

Maintain the optimal combustion layer thickness (usually 100-300mm)

Ensure that the fuel residence time matches the combustion cycle

Aerodynamic optimization

Ventilation gap design (opening rate 15%-25%)

Graded air distribution technology (primary air accounts for 60%-70%)

Turbulence enhances combustion efficiency

Heat transfer enhancement

Radiation heat exchange area maximization

Thermal path optimization design

Flue gas recycling

Ash treatment system

Automatic slag discharge mechanism

Ash cooling function

Anti-coking design

III. Technological innovation development trend

Modern furnace The exhaust system is developing towards intelligence:

Adaptive control system

Real-time monitoring of combustion status (temperature field, oxygen content, etc.)

Automatic adjustment of air-coal ratio

Application of digital twin technology

Breakthrough in materials science

Nano coating technology (temperature resistance increased by 200-300℃)

Application of ceramic composite materials

Self-cleaning surface treatment

Enhanced environmental performance

Low nitrogen oxide combustion design

Dioxin control technology

Fly ash reburning system

IV. Key points of operation and maintenance management

Daily maintenance

Regular cleaning week Period (1-2 times per shift)

Gap inspection (standard 0.5-1.5mm)

Lubrication system maintenance

Efficiency monitoring

Thermal efficiency evaluation (≥85% is excellent)

Exhaust temperature monitoring (≤180℃)

Slag carbon content detection (≤5%)

Fault prevention

Anti-corrosion treatment (at least once a year)

Stress relief (after 5000 hours of operation)

Fatigue crack detection

Conclusion:

The continuous innovation of grate technology is driving the boiler system towards high efficiency, cleanliness and intelligence. By optimizing design parameters, adopting advanced materials and intelligent control systems, modern grates have achieved remarkable results of increasing combustion efficiency by 15%-20% and reducing pollutant emissions by more than 30%. In the future, with the deep integration of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies, the grate system will achieve more precise combustion control and more efficient energy conversion, providing key technical support for the green upgrade of industrial boilers.